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1. Contained in
National Standards for Arts Education (Reston, VA: Music
Educators National Conference, 1994) and in The School Music
Program: A New Vision (Reston, VA: Music Educators National
Conference, 1994).
2. Consortium of
National Arts Education Associations, National Standards for
Arts Education (Reston, VA: Music Educators National Conference,
1994).
3. For suggestions,
see Performance Standards for Music: Strategies and Benchmarks
for Assessing Progress toward the National Standards, Grades PreK-12
(Reston, VA: Music Educators National Conference, 1996).
4. For further information,
see The School Music Program: A New Vision, 1-7.
5. Standards for
music in prekindergarten (ages 2-4) are not included in the National
Standards for Arts Education but are found in The School Music
Program: A New Vision, 9-12.
6. See John W. Flohr,
Daniel C. Miller, and Diane C. Persellin, "Recent Brain Research
on Young Children," Teaching Music 6, no. 6 (June
1999): 41-43, 54.
7. Ted Tims, "The
Impact of Music on Wellness," unpublished paper, conference
on "Music Medicine: Enhancing Health Through Music,"
sponsored by the School of Medicine and School of Music, University
of Miami, Miami, Florida, 23-24 April 1999.
8. For further information
see Opportunity-to-Learn Standards for Music Instruction: Grades
PreK-12 (Reston, VA: Music Educators National Conference,
1994).
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