1 Daniel Boorstin, The
Seekers (New York: Random House, 1998), 6.
2 Member Handbook, 1996-97 (Reston, VA: Music
Educators National Conference), back cover.
3 Charles Gary, telephone interview with author,
18 December 1998. Gary was the executive secretary of MENC at
the time of the Tanglewood Symposium.
4 Allen Britton, “Music in Early American
Public Education: A Historical Critique,” in Basic Concepts
in Music Education (Chicago: The National Society for the Study
of Education, 1958), 207.
5 This germinated in the Contemporary Music
Project, the large MENC curriculum project of the 1960s.
6 From “Goals and Objectives for Music
Education,” Music Educators Journal 57, no. 4 (December
1970): 24-25.
7 Michael L. Mark, “The GO Project: Retrospective
of a Decade,” Music Educators Journal 67, no. 4 (December
1980): 42-47.
8 Mary E. Hoffman, “Goals and Objectives
for the Eighties,” Music Educators Journal 67, no. 4 (December
1980): 48-49, 66.
9 National Commission on Instruction, The School
Music Program: Description and Standards (Vienna, VA: Music
Educators National Conference, 1974).
10 Hazel Nohavec Morgan, ed., Music Education
Source Book (Chicago: Music Educators National Conference, 1947);
and Morgan, ed., Music in American Education: Music Education
Source Book Number Two (Chicago: Music Educators National Conference,
1955).
11 “MENC Forms Two Commissions,”
Music Educators Journal 57, no. 8 (April 1971): 47-48.
12 Affective Response, Community and Adult
Music, Creativity, Early Childhood, Gender Research, General
Research, History, Instructional Strategies, Learning and Development,
Measurement and Evaluation, Perception, Philosophy, Social Science.
13 Richard Colwell, ed., Handbook of Research
on Music Teaching and Learning (New York: Schirmer Books, 1992),
dust jacket.
14 Nelson B. Henry, ed., Basic Concepts in
Music Education, Fifty-seventh Yearbook of the National Society
for the Study of Education, part I (Chicago: University of Chicago
Press, 1958). This was the second NSSE yearbook that involved
MENC. The first was the Thirty-fifth Yearbook, part II, entitled
Music Education, published in 1936.
15 Charles Leonhard and Robert House, Foundations
and Principles of Music Education, (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1959).
16 Bennett Reimer, A Philosophy of Music Education
(Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall, 1970), 2.
17 Howard Gardner, “Who Owns Intelligence,”
The Atlantic Monthly, February 1999: 70.
18 For example, the Copyright Law, reductions
in funding for music programs, the reauthorization
of the Elementary and Secondary Education Act; the establishment
of the Cabinet-level Department of Education; the 1979 White
House Conference on the Arts; the Career Education Act of 1978;
legislated authority to conduct a baseline survey of the status
of arts education in the schools, which resulted in the publication
of the book Toward Civilization; and the need for a White House
Conference on Education in1980. MENC also provided expert witnesses
to testify at several congressional hearings. One, “The
Arts Are Fundamental to Learning” (1977) was a joint hearing
before the Subcommittee on Select Education of the Committee
on Education and Labor, U.S. House of Representatives, and the
Special Subcommittee on Education, Arts, and Humanities of the
Committee on Human Resources, U.S. Senate. Another was entitled,
“To Permit the Use of Title IV-B ESEA Funds for the Purchase
of Band Instruments,” after which Congress agreed to permit
the purchase of band instruments with Title I funds.
19 Samuel Hope, “The Need for Policy Studies
in Arts Education,” in David Pankratz and Kevin Mulcahy,
The Challenge to Reform Arts Education: What Role Can Research
Play? (New York: American Council for the Arts, 1989), 74.
20 John T. McLaughlin, ed., Toward A New Era
in Arts Education (New York: American Council for the Arts,
1988), 7.
21 Pankratz and Mulcahy, xi – xiii.
22 “National Music Education Summit Participating
Organizations,” Teaching Music 2, no. 3 (December 1994):
48.
23 National Commission on Instruction, ix.
24 Paul R. Lehman, The School Music Program:
Description and Standards, 2d ed. (Reston, VA: Music Educators
National Conference, 1986), 7.
25 Hoffman, 48.
26 June Hinckley, correspondence, 21 March
1999.
